![]() 2008 Erol and Boccaccini 2011 García-Gareta et al. Alone or in combination with other materials, they present versatility, due to different forms, porosities, pore sizes and structures achievable (Habibovic and Groot 2007 Habibovic et al. The ceramics hydroxyapatite (HAp) and bioactive glass (BG) are the most used materials to fabricate the bone substitutes available on the market. This has led to research possibility on the use of biomaterials for bone regeneration and the development of alternative bone graft options such as ceramic, polymeric and composite scaffolds (Madihally and Matthew 1999 Rodríguez-Vázquez et al. 2011 Bhatt and Rozental 2012 Kurien et al. Nevertheless, failure rates between 5 and 13% and complications rates (including chronic pain, blood loss, nerve injury, hernia formation, infection, arterial injury) between 8.5% and 20%, have been reported (Kaing et al. 2005 Habibovic and Groot 2007 Bhatt and Rozental 2012 de Melo Pereira and Habibovic 2018). The composite scaffolds of chitosan with MBG and MHAp, have revealed to be the best combination due to their enhanced performance in bone tissue engineering.Īutografts, namely, osteogenic and osteoinductive, are the supreme ways of enhancing bone regeneration in applications as diverse as orthopaedic trauma surgery, correction of congenital bone defects or spinal fusion (Salgado et al. The CHL scaffolds improve cell adhesion and proliferation compared to CHH, and the MC scaffold samples, show better results than those produced with just MBG or MHAp. All scaffolds are non-cytotoxic at 12.5 mg/mL. The swelling capacity increases with MBG and MC, respectively, to 700% and 900% and decreases to 400% when MHAp concentration increases. Furthermore, the 75%MBG (835 ± 160 kPa) and 50%MC (1070 ± 205 kPa) samples are the ones that mostly enhance increases in mechanical properties. The compression modulus increases with ceramic concentration in the scaffolds. The tests of the scaffolds present a highly porous structure with interconnected pores. The purpose is to identify the best combination regarding optimal morphology and properties. In this work, several composite scaffolds based on chitosan (CH), with low and high molecular weights, and different concentrations of ceramics like mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), mesoporous hydroxyapatite (MHAp) and both MBG and MHAp (MC) were produced by lyophilization. The major focus concerns polymeric/ceramic composite scaffolds. Bone regeneration is one of the most well-known fields in tissue regeneration. ![]()
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